Australia State of the Environment 2001

Independent Report to the Commonwealth Minister for the Environment and Heritage
Australian State of the Environment Committee, Authors
CSIRO Publishing on behalf of the Department of the Environment and Heritage, 2001
ISBN 0 643 06745 0

Figures and Photographs

Figures

Main Report Figures

Figure 1 - Ecosystem services conceptual framework.
Figure 2 - Australia's marine area.
Figure 3 - Annual variations in the Southern Oscillation Index.
Figure 4 - Rainfall trends in Australia from 1910 to 1999.
Figure 5 - Interannual variations in the annual extreme rainfall (99th percentile of daily rainfall) for Australia.
Figure 6 - Annual mean temperature anomalies for Australia.
Figure 7 - Projected mean annual temperature changes for 2030 and 2070.
Figure 8 - Projected rainfall changes for 2030 and 2070.
Figure 9 - Stratospheric chlorine levels (ppb, cumulative) based on global atmospheric observations (1980-2000), historic (1960-1980) and projected emission data (2000-2050) of the major ozone-depleting substances.
Figure 10 - Maximum four-hour ozone concentrations in selected cities.
Figure 11 - Highest one-hour averages of sulfur dioxide since 1985 in regional centres of Australia.
Figure 12 - Estimated number of humpback whales migrating up the East Coast.
Figure 13 - Projected changes in population density by Interim Biogeographic Regionalisation for Australia (IBRA) region.
Figure 14 - Value of aquaculture sectors.
Figure 15 - NOAA images of 'flush difference' for 1993-94 and 1989-99 showing the difference in amount of seasonal greening between El Niño and La Niña years, respectively.
Figure 16 - Location of forests, according to type, showing regions covered by RFAs.
Figure 17 - Estimates of continental sheet erosion based on 1997 land use distributions, 1990 to 1999 (normalised vegetation difference index, NDVI) seasonal greenness and rainfall regimes.
Figure 18 - Dust storm index with 300 and 500 mm median rainfall lines, and accelerated erosion index for 1996 to 1999.
Figure 19 - Forecasted areas of high risk (predicted) or hazard (estimated) of dryland salinity by 2050 in Australia.
Figure 20 - Indicative surface water development status.
Figure 21 - Groundwater development status.
Figure 22 - Tonnes of nitrogen discharged annually.
Figure 23 - Tonnes of phosphorus discharged by inland sewage treatment plants each year.
Figure 24 - Summary of AusRivAS bioassessment results for all river sites surveyed in Queensland.
Figure 25 - Countries with highest estimated rate of native vegetation clearance in 1999.
Figure 26 - Area of native vegetation cleared in Queensland between 1997 and 1999 by subregion (indicative map only).
Figure 27 - Dryland salinity risk in south-west Western Australia 2000.
Figure 28 - Mapping of the degree of native vegetation fragmentation (indicative map only), by IBRA regions.
Figure 29 - The River Disturbance Index.
Figure 30 - Number of marine invasive species per Interim Marine and Coastal Regionalisation for Australia (IMCRA) including the endemic Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci).
Figure 31 - Number of terrestrial non-Indigenous vertebrate and invertebrate invasive species per IBRA based on a list of around 30 species considered to have a major effect in Australia.
Figure 32 - Conservation status of IBRA in 2000 showing the percentage area reserved in each region.
Figure 33 - Location of Australia's World Heritage properties at December 2000.
Figure 34 - Distribution of all places listed on the Register of the National Estate 2000.
Figure 35 - Places added to the Register of the National Estate from 1996 to 2000
Figure 36 - Comparison of 1986 to 1996 Census data on Indigenous language use in the home.
Figure 37 - Components of population growth, Australia, 1986 to 1999.
Figure 38 - Change in population density, Sydney, 1981 to 1996.
Figure 39 - Components of total material flow per person, exports and domestic consumption each disaggregated into direct material input and hidden flow.
Figure 40 - Comparison of Australian energy use per capita in 1995 with selected countries.
Figure 41 - Trends in total energy, final energy and renewable energy consumption in Australia 1975-2010.
Figure 42 - Residential electricity price comparison, January 1999.
Figure 43 - Average per capita household water use for major urban areas.
Figure 44 - Energy-related greenhouse gas emissions, Australia.
Figure 45 - Top 10 municipal waste disposers in the OECD.
Figure 46 - Solid waste disposal rates (t/person per year).
Figure 47 - Per capita waste recovery and recycling rates in the Australian Capital Territory and Victoria.
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